From f70736f1862d57416a0432631f601f3f91462b17 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Poltern <2363951+Poltern@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2023 22:56:55 +0500 Subject: [PATCH] Add file afterlfs --- chapter11/afterlfs.xml | 266 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ chapter11/chapter11.xml | 1 + chapter11/getcounted.xml | 2 +- 3 files changed, 268 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) create mode 100644 chapter11/afterlfs.xml diff --git a/chapter11/afterlfs.xml b/chapter11/afterlfs.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c5020ef --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter11/afterlfs.xml @@ -0,0 +1,266 @@ + + + %general-entities; +]> + + + + + Getting Started After LFS + + + Deciding what to do next + + + Now that LFS is complete and you have a bootable system, what do you do? + The next step is to decide how to use it. Generally, there are two broad + categories to consider: workstation or server. Indeed, these categories + are not mutually exclusive. The applications needed for each category + can be combined onto a single system, but let's look at them separately + for now. + + + + A server is the simpler category. Generally this consists of a web + server such as the + Apache HTTP Server + and a database server such as + MariaDB. + However other services are possible. The operating system + embedded in a single use device falls into this category. + + + + On the other hand, a workstation is much more complex. It generally + requires a graphical user environment such as + LXDE, + XFCE, + KDE, or + Gnome + based on a basic + graphical environment + and several graphical based applications such as the + Firefox web browser, + Thunderbird email client, + or + LibreOffice office suite. + These applications require many (several hundred depending on + desired capabilities) more packages of support applications and + libraries. + + + + In addition to the above, there is a set of applications for system + management for all kinds of systems. These applications are all in the + BLFS book. Not all packages are needed in every environments. For + example dhcpcd, is + not normally appropriate for a server and wireless_tools, + are normally only useful for a laptop system. + + + + + + Working in a basic LFS environment + + + When you initially boot into LFS, you have all the internal tools to build + additional packages. Unfortunately, the user environment is quite sparse. + There are a couple of ways to improve this: + + + + Work from the LFS host in chroot + + + This method provides a complete graphical environment where a full + featured browser and copy/paste capabilities are available. This method + allows using applications like the host's version of wget to download + package sources to a location available when working in the chroot + envirnment. + + + + In order to properly build packages in chroot, you will also need to + remember to mount the virtual file systems if they are not already + mounted. One way to do this is to create a script on the + HOST system: + + +cat > ~/mount-virt.sh << "EOF" +#!/bin/bash + +function mountbind +{ + if ! mountpoint $LFS/$1 >/dev/null; then + $SUDO mount --bind /$1 $LFS/$1 + echo $LFS/$1 mounted + else + echo $LFS/$1 already mounted + fi +} + +function mounttype +{ + if ! mountpoint $LFS/$1 >/dev/null; then + $SUDO mount -t $2 $3 $4 $5 $LFS/$1 + echo $LFS/$1 mounted + else + echo $LFS/$1 already mounted + fi +} + +if [ $EUID -ne 0 ]; then + SUDO=sudo +else + SUDO="" +fi + +if [ x$LFS == x ]; then + echo "LFS not set" + exit 1 +fi + +mountbind dev +mounttype dev/pts devpts devpts -o gid=5,mode=620 +mounttype proc proc proc +mounttype sys sysfs sysfs +mounttype run tmpfs run +if [ -h $LFS/dev/shm ]; then + mkdir -pv $LFS/$(readlink $LFS/dev/shm) +else + mounttype dev/shm tmpfs tmpfs -o nosuid,nodev +fi + +#mountbind usr/src +#mountbind boot +#mountbind home +EOF + + + Note that the last three commands in the script are commented out. These + are useful if those directories are mounted as separate partitions on the + host system and will be mounted when booting the completed LFS/BLFS system. + + + + The script can be run with bash ~/mount-virt.sh as + either a regular user (recommended) or as &root;. If run as a regular + user, sudo is required on the host system. + + + + Another issue pointed out by the script is where to store downloaded + package files. This location is arbitrary. It can be in a regular + user's home directory such as ~/sources or in a global location like + /usr/src. Our recommendation is not to mix BLFS sources and LFS sources + in (from the chroot environment) /sources. In any case, the packages + must be accessible inside the chroot environment. + + + + A last convenience feature presented here is to streamline the process + of entering the chroot environment. This can be done with an alias + placed in a user's ~/.bashrc file on the host system: + + +alias lfs='sudo /usr/sbin/chroot /mnt/lfs /usr/bin/env -i HOME=/root TERM="$TERM" PS1="\u:\w\\\\$ " +PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/usr/sbin /bin/bash --login' + + + This alias is a little tricky because of the quoting and levels of + backslash characters. It must be all on a single line. The above command + has been split in two for presentation purposes. + + + + + + Work remotely via ssh + + + This method also provides a full graphical environment, but first + requires installing + sshd and + wget + on the LFS system, usually in chroot. It also requires a second + computer. This method has the advantage of being simple by not requiring + the complexity of the chroot environment. It also uses your LFS built + kernel for all additional packages and still provides a complete system + for installing packages. + + + + + + Work from the LFS command line + + + This method requires installing + libtasn1, + p11-kit, + make-ca, + wget, + gpm, and + links + (or lynx) + in chroot and then rebooting into the new LFS system. At this + point the default system has six virtual consoles. Switching + consoles is as easy as using the + + Alt + Fx + + key combinations where Fx is + between F1 and F6. + The + + Alt + + + and + + Alt + + + combinations also will change the console. + + + + At this point you can log into two different virtual consoles and run + the links or lynx browser in one console and bash in the other. GPM + then allows copying commands from the browser with the left mouse + button, switching consoles, and pasting into the other console. + + + + + As a side note, switching of virtual consoles can also be done from + an X Window instance with the + + Ctrl + Alt + Fx + + key combination, but the mouse copy operation does not work + between the graphical interface and a virtual console. You can + return to the X Window display with the + + Ctrl + Alt + Fx + + combination, where Fx is usually + F1 but may be F7. + + + + + + + + + diff --git a/chapter11/chapter11.xml b/chapter11/chapter11.xml index c17677c..367ebd8 100644 --- a/chapter11/chapter11.xml +++ b/chapter11/chapter11.xml @@ -15,5 +15,6 @@ + diff --git a/chapter11/getcounted.xml b/chapter11/getcounted.xml index 0d2ce2c..15b875d 100644 --- a/chapter11/getcounted.xml +++ b/chapter11/getcounted.xml @@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ Теперь, когда вы закончили изучение книги LFS, хотите добавить себя в список пользователей LFS? Перейдите по ссылке - и зарегистрируйтесь. Введите ваше имя и версию LFS которую вы использовали. + и зарегистрируйтесь. Введите ваше имя и версию LFS, которую вы использовали. Давайте выполним перезагрузку в систему LFS.