%general-entities; ]> /etc/locale.conf В приведенном ниже файле /etc/locale.conf задаются некоторые переменные окружения, необходимые для поддержки вашего языка. Правильная их установка влияет на: Выходные данные программ, переводимых на ваш родной язык Правильную интерпретацию символов в буквы, цифры и другие классы. Это необходимо для того, чтобы bash правильно принимал не-ASCII символы, в командной строке в неанглоязычных языковых системах Правильную для страны сортировку по алфавиту Соответствующий формат бумаги по умолчанию Правильное форматирование денежных значений, значений времени и дат Ниже замените <ll> двухбуквенным кодом нужного вам языка (например en), а <CC> двухбуквенным кодом соответствующей страны (например GB). <charmap> нужно заменить на каноническую кодировку для выбраной вами локали. Также могут присутствовать необязательные модификаторы, такие как @euro. Список всех локалей, поддерживаемых Glibc, можно получить, выполнив следующую команду: locale -a Таблицы символов могут иметь несколько синонимов. Например ISO-8859-1 так же называют iso8859-1 и iso88591. Некоторые приложения не могут корректно обрабатывать различные синонимы (например UTF-8 должно быть указано как UTF-8, а не utf8), поэтому в большинстве случаев безопаснее всего выбрать каноническое имя для конкретной локали. Для определения канонического имени локали выполните следующую команду, заменив <locale name> на вывод locale -a для желаемой локали (например en_GB.iso88591). LC_ALL=<locale name> locale charmap For the en_GB.iso88591 locale, the above command will print: ISO-8859-1 This results in a final locale setting of en_GB.ISO-8859-1. It is important that the locale found using the heuristic above is tested prior to it being added to the Bash startup files: LC_ALL=<locale name> locale language LC_ALL=<locale name> locale charmap LC_ALL=<locale name> locale int_curr_symbol LC_ALL=<locale name> locale int_prefix The above commands should print the language name, the character encoding used by the locale, the local currency, and the prefix to dial before the telephone number in order to get into the country. If any of the commands above fail with a message similar to the one shown below, this means that your locale was either not installed in Chapter 8 or is not supported by the default installation of Glibc. locale: Cannot set LC_* to default locale: No such file or directory If this happens, you should either install the desired locale using the localedef command, or consider choosing a different locale. Further instructions assume that there are no such error messages from Glibc. Some packages beyond LFS may also lack support for your chosen locale. One example is the X library (part of the X Window System), which outputs the following error message if the locale does not exactly match one of the character map names in its internal files: Warning: locale not supported by Xlib, locale set to C In several cases Xlib expects that the character map will be listed in uppercase notation with canonical dashes. For instance, "ISO-8859-1" rather than "iso88591". It is also possible to find an appropriate specification by removing the charmap part of the locale specification. This can be checked by running the locale charmap command in both locales. For example, one would have to change "de_DE.ISO-8859-15@euro" to "de_DE@euro" in order to get this locale recognized by Xlib. Other packages can also function incorrectly (but may not necessarily display any error messages) if the locale name does not meet their expectations. In those cases, investigating how other Linux distributions support your locale might provide some useful information. Once the proper locale settings have been determined, create the /etc/locale.conf file: cat > /etc/locale.conf << "EOF" LANG=<ll>_<CC>.<charmap><@modifiers> EOF Note that you can modify /etc/locale.conf with the systemd localectl utility. To use localectl for the example above, run: localectl set-locale LANG="<ll>_<CC>.<charmap><@modifiers>" You can also specify other language specific environment variables such as LANG, LC_CTYPE, LC_NUMERIC or any other environment variable from locale output. Just separate them with a space. An example where LANG is set as en_US.UTF-8 but LC_CTYPE is set as just en_US is: localectl set-locale LANG="en_US.UTF-8" LC_CTYPE="en_US" Please note that the localectl command doesn't work in the chroot environment. It can only be used after the LFS system is booted with systemd. The C (default) and en_US (the recommended one for United States English users) locales are different. C uses the US-ASCII 7-bit character set, and treats bytes with the high bit set as invalid characters. That's why, e.g., the ls command substitutes them with question marks in that locale. Also, an attempt to send mail with such characters from Mutt or Pine results in non-RFC-conforming messages being sent (the charset in the outgoing mail is indicated as unknown 8-bit). It's suggested that you use the C locale only if you are certain that you will never need 8-bit characters.