lfs-ru/chapter12/networking/connect/dhcpcd.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
   "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
  <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent">
  %general-entities;

  <!ENTITY dhcpcd-download-http "https://github.com/NetworkConfiguration/dhcpcd/releases/download/v&dhcpcd-version;/dhcpcd-&dhcpcd-version;.tar.xz">
  <!ENTITY dhcpcd-download-ftp  " ">
  <!ENTITY dhcpcd-md5sum        "ef8356d711b17701928ead7206d15234">
  <!ENTITY dhcpcd-size          "264 KB">
  <!ENTITY dhcpcd-buildsize     "3.0 MB (with tests)">
  <!ENTITY dhcpcd-time          "less than 0.1 SBU (with tests)">
]>

<sect1 id="dhcpcd" xreflabel="dhcpcd-&dhcpcd-version;">
  <?dbhtml filename="dhcpcd.html"?>


  <title>dhcpcd-&dhcpcd-version;</title>

  <indexterm zone="dhcpcd">
    <primary sortas="a-dhcpcd">dhcpcd</primary>
  </indexterm>

  <sect2 role="package">
    <title>Introduction to dhcpcd</title>

    <para>
      <application>dhcpcd</application> is an implementation of the
      DHCP client specified in RFC2131. A DHCP client is useful for connecting
      your computer to a network which uses DHCP to assign network
      addresses. dhcpcd strives to be a fully featured, yet very lightweight
      DHCP client.
    </para>

    &lfs121_checked;

    <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Package Information</bridgehead>
    <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
      <listitem>
        <para>
          Download (HTTP): <ulink url="&dhcpcd-download-http;"/>
        </para>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
        <para>
          Download (FTP): <ulink url="&dhcpcd-download-ftp;"/>
        </para>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
        <para>
          Download MD5 sum: &dhcpcd-md5sum;
        </para>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
        <para>
          Download size: &dhcpcd-size;
        </para>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
        <para>
          Estimated disk space required: &dhcpcd-buildsize;
        </para>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
        <para>
          Estimated build time: &dhcpcd-time;
        </para>
      </listitem>
    </itemizedlist>
<!--


    <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Additional Downloads</bridgehead>
    <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
      <listitem>
        <para>
          Required patch:
          <ulink url="&patch-root;/dhcpcd-&dhcpcd-version;-upstream_fixes-1.patch"/>
        </para>
      </listitem>
    </itemizedlist>
-->

    <bridgehead renderas="sect3">dhcpcd Dependencies</bridgehead>

    <bridgehead renderas="sect4">Optional</bridgehead>
    <para role="optional">
      llvm (with Clang),
      ntp,
      <ulink url="https://chrony.tuxfamily.org/">chronyd</ulink>, and
      <ulink url="https://github.com/thkukuk/ypbind-mt/">ypbind</ulink>
    </para>

  </sect2>

  <sect2 id='dhcpcd-privsep'>
    <title>Privilege separation</title>

    <para>
      Recent releases of <application>dhcpcd</application> optionally support
      privilege separation. As the practical security benefits of this are
      unclear for a program like <application>dhcpcd</application> and the
      setup is more complicated, the book currently defaults to disable it.
    </para>
    <para>
      If you however would like to use privilege separation, additional
      installation steps are necessary to set up the proper environment. Issue
      the following commands as the
      <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user:
    </para>

<screen role="root"><userinput>install  -v -m700 -d /var/lib/dhcpcd &amp;&amp;

groupadd -g 52 dhcpcd        &amp;&amp;
useradd  -c 'dhcpcd PrivSep' \
         -d /var/lib/dhcpcd  \
         -g dhcpcd           \
         -s /bin/false       \
         -u 52 dhcpcd &amp;&amp;
chown    -v dhcpcd:dhcpcd /var/lib/dhcpcd </userinput></screen>

  </sect2>

  <sect2 role="installation">
    <title>Installation of dhcpcd</title>

<!--
    <para>
      First, fix an issue that occurs when running dhcpcd with the '-b' switch:
    </para>

<screen><userinput remap="pre">patch -Np1 -i ../dhcpcd-&dhcpcd-version;-upstream_fixes-1.patch</userinput></screen>

-->
    <para>
      Build <application>dhcpcd</application> without privilege separation
      by running the following command:
    </para>

<screen><userinput>./configure --prefix=/usr                \
            --sysconfdir=/etc            \
            --libexecdir=/usr/lib/dhcpcd \
            --dbdir=/var/lib/dhcpcd      \
            --runstatedir=/run           \
            --disable-privsep         &amp;&amp;
make</userinput></screen>

    <para>
      Alternatively, build <application>dhcpcd</application> with privilege
      separation by running the following commands:
    </para>

<screen role="nodump"><userinput>./configure --prefix=/usr                \
            --sysconfdir=/etc            \
            --libexecdir=/usr/lib/dhcpcd \
            --dbdir=/var/lib/dhcpcd      \
            --runstatedir=/run           \
            --privsepuser=dhcpcd         &amp;&amp;
make</userinput></screen>

    <para>
      To test the results, issue: <command>make test</command>.
    </para>

    <para>
      Now, as the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user:
    </para>

<screen role='root'><userinput>make install</userinput></screen>

<!--
    <para>
      By default, a plain text lease info file isn't created but the
      <application>dhcpcd</application> provides a hook which can be used for
      creating such a file. Install the hook by running the following commands
      as the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user:
    </para>

<screen role='root'><userinput>sed -i "s;/var/lib;/run;g" dhcpcd-hooks/50-dhcpcd-compat &amp;&amp;
install -v -m 644 dhcpcd-hooks/50-dhcpcd-compat /lib/dhcpcd/dhcpcd-hooks/</userinput></screen>
-->

  </sect2>

  <sect2 role="commands">
    <title>Command Explanations</title>

    <para>
      <parameter>--libexecdir=/usr/lib/dhcpcd</parameter>: This switch sets a
      better location for the dhcpcd internal libraries.
    </para>

    <para>
      <parameter>--dbdir=/var/lib/dhcpcd</parameter>: This switch adjusts the
      database directory because the default directory,
      <filename class="directory">/var/db</filename>, is not FHS-compliant.
    </para>

    <para>
      <parameter>--runstatedir=/run</parameter>: This switch sets the runtime
      state directory because the default
      <filename class="directory">/var/run</filename> is a symbolic
      link to <filename class="directory">/run</filename>, and using
      <filename class="directory">/var/run</filename> is deprecated.
    </para>

    <para>
      <parameter>--disable-privsep</parameter>: This switch disables privilege
      separation, which is the default in dhcpcd. This switch is not used in
      the build configuration where privilege separation is used.
    </para>

    <para>
      <parameter>--privsepuser=dhcpcd</parameter>: This switch sets the
      privilege separation user in the build configuration where privilege
      escalation is used.
    </para>

    <para>
      <option>--with-hook=...</option>: You can optionally install more hooks,
      for example to install some configuration files such as
      <filename>ntp.conf</filename>. A set of hooks can be found in the
      <filename class="directory">dhcpcd-hooks</filename> directory in the
      build tree.
    </para>
  </sect2>

  <sect2 role="configuration">
    <title>Configuring dhcpcd</title>

    <sect3 id="dhcpcd-config">
      <title>Config Files</title>

      <para>
        <filename>/etc/dhcpcd.conf</filename>
      </para>

      <indexterm zone="dhcpcd dhcpcd-config">
        <primary sortas="e-etc-dhcpcd-dhcpcd-conf">/etc/dhcpcd/dhcpcd.conf</primary>
      </indexterm>

    </sect3>

    <sect3 id="dhcpcd-init" revision="sysv">
      <title>General Configuration Information</title>

      <para>
        To configure <command>dhcpcd</command>, you need to first install
        the network service script,
        <filename>/usr/lib/services/dhcpcd</filename>
        included in the <xref linkend="bootscripts"/> package
        (as user <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>):
      </para>

      <indexterm zone="dhcpcd dhcpcd-init">
        <primary sortas="f-dhcpcd">dhcpcd (service script)</primary>
      </indexterm>

<screen role='root'><userinput>make install-service-dhcpcd</userinput></screen>

      <note>
        <para id="dhcpcd-config3">
          The default for <command>dhcpcd</command> is to set the hostname
          and mtu. It also overwrites <filename>/etc/resolv.conf </filename>
          and <filename>/etc/ntp.conf</filename>. These
          modifications to system files are done by hooks which are stored in
          <filename class="directory">/usr/lib/dhcpcd/dhcpcd-hooks</filename>.
          You can change this behavior by removing or adding hooks from/to
          that directory. The execution of hooks can be disabled by using
          the <option>--nohook</option> (<option>-C</option>) command line
          option or by the <option>nohook</option> option in the
          <filename>/etc/dhcpcd.conf</filename> file.
        </para>
      </note>

      <para id="dhcpcd-config2">
        Finally, as the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user
        create the <filename>/etc/sysconfig/ifconfig.eth0</filename>
        configuration file using the following commands. Adjust appropriately
        for additional interfaces:
      </para>

      <indexterm zone="dhcpcd dhcpcd-config2">
        <primary sortas="e-etc-sysconfig-dhcpcd">/etc/sysconfig/ifconfig.eth0 (dhcpcd)</primary>
      </indexterm>

<screen role='root'><userinput>cat &gt; /etc/sysconfig/ifconfig.eth0 &lt;&lt; "EOF"
<literal>ONBOOT="yes"
IFACE="eth0"
SERVICE="dhcpcd"
DHCP_START="-b -q -h $HOSTNAME <replaceable>&lt;insert appropriate start options here&gt;</replaceable>"
DHCP_STOP="-k <replaceable>&lt;insert additional stop options here&gt;</replaceable>"</literal>
EOF</userinput></screen>

      <para>
        For more information on the appropriate <envar>DHCP_START</envar> and
        <envar>DHCP_STOP</envar> values, examine the man page for
        <command>dhcpcd</command>.
      </para>

      <indexterm zone="dhcpcd dhcpcd-config3">
        <primary sortas="e-etc-resolv.conf">/etc/resolv.conf</primary>
      </indexterm>
    </sect3>

    <sect3 id="dhcpcd-init2" revision="sysv">
      <title>Configuration Information: fixed ip</title>

      <para id="dhcpcd-config4">
        Although not usual, it is possible that you need
        to configure <application>dhcpcd</application> to use a fixed ip. Here,
        we give an example. As the
        <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user create the
        <filename>/etc/sysconfig/ifconfig.eth0</filename> configuration file
        using the following commands.  Adjust appropriately for additional
        interfaces and for the actual ip and router you need:
      </para>

      <indexterm zone="dhcpcd dhcpcd-config4">
        <primary sortas="e-etc-sysconfig-dhcpcd">/etc/sysconfig/ifconfig.eth0 (dhcpcd)</primary>
      </indexterm>

<screen role='nodump'><userinput>cat &gt; /etc/sysconfig/ifconfig.eth0 &lt;&lt; "EOF"
<literal>ONBOOT="yes"
IFACE="eth0"
SERVICE="dhcpcd"
DHCP_START="-b -q -S ip_address=192.168.0.10/24 -S routers=192.168.0.1"
DHCP_STOP="-k"</literal>
EOF</userinput></screen>

      <para>
        You can either use DNS servers in
        <filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename> from another system, your
        preferred servers, or just the example
        <filename>/etc/resolv.conf.head</filename> file below as is:
      </para>

<screen role='nodump'><userinput>cat &gt; /etc/resolv.conf.head &lt;&lt; "EOF"
<literal># OpenDNS servers
nameserver 208.67.222.222
nameserver 208.67.220.220</literal>
EOF</userinput></screen>

    </sect3>

   <sect3 id="dhcpcd-init3" revision="systemd">
      <title>General Configuration Information</title>

      <para>
        If you want to configure network interfaces at boot using
        <command>dhcpcd</command>, you need to install the
        systemd unit included in <xref linkend="systemd-units"/>
        package by running the following command as the
        <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user:
      </para>

<screen role="root"><userinput>make install-dhcpcd</userinput></screen>

      <indexterm zone="dhcpcd dhcpcd-init3">
        <primary sortas="f-dhcpcd">dhcpcd</primary>
      </indexterm>

      <note>
        <para id="dhcpcd-config5">
          The default behavior of <command>dhcpcd</command> is to set the
          hostname and the mtu. It also overwrites <filename>/etc/resolv.conf
          </filename> and <filename>/etc/ntp.conf</filename>. These
          modifications to system configuration files are done by hooks which
          are stored in <filename class="directory">
          /usr/lib/dhcpcd/dhcpcd-hooks</filename>. You can change this behavior
          by removing or adding hooks from/to that directory. The execution
          of hooks can be disabled by using the <option>--nohook</option>
          (<option>-C</option>) command line option or by the
          <option>nohook</option> option in the <filename>/etc/dhcpcd.conf
          </filename> file.
        </para>
      </note>

      <indexterm zone="dhcpcd dhcpcd-config5">
        <primary sortas="e-etc-resolv.conf">/etc/resolv.conf</primary>
      </indexterm>

      <note>
        <para>
          Make sure that you disable the <command>systemd-networkd</command>
          service or configure it not to manage the interfaces you want to
          manage with <application>dhcpcd</application>.
        </para>
      </note>

      <para>
        At this point you can test if <command>dhcpcd</command> is
        behaving as expected by running the following command as the
        <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user:
      </para>

<screen role="root"><userinput>systemctl start dhcpcd@<replaceable>eth0</replaceable></userinput></screen>

      <para>
        To start <command>dhcpcd</command> on a specific interface
        at boot, enable the previously installed systemd unit by
        running the following command as the
        <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user:
      </para>

<screen role="root"><userinput>systemctl enable dhcpcd@<replaceable>eth0</replaceable></userinput></screen>

      <para>
        Replace <replaceable>eth0</replaceable> with the actual interface name.
      </para>

    </sect3>

  </sect2>

  <sect2 role="content">
    <title>Contents</title>

    <segmentedlist>
      <segtitle>Installed Program</segtitle>
      <segtitle>Installed Library</segtitle>
      <segtitle>Installed Directory</segtitle>

      <seglistitem>
        <seg>dhcpcd</seg>
        <seg>/usr/lib/dhcpcd/dev/udev.so</seg>
        <seg>/{usr,var}/lib/dhcpcd and /usr/share/dhcpcd</seg>
      </seglistitem>
    </segmentedlist>

    <variablelist>
      <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
      <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
      <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>

      <varlistentry id="dhcpcd-prog">
        <term><command>dhcpcd</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            is an implementation of the DHCP client specified in RFC2131
          </para>
          <indexterm zone="dhcpcd dhcpcd-prog">
            <primary sortas="b-dhcpcd">dhcpcd</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="dhcpcd-udev">
        <term><filename class="libraryfile">udev.so</filename></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            adds udev support for interface arrival and departure; this is
            because udev likes to rename the interface, which it can't do if
            dhcpcd grabs it first
          </para>
          <indexterm zone="dhcpcd dhcpcd-udev">
            <primary sortas="c-dhcpcd-udev">udev.so</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

    </variablelist>

  </sect2>

</sect1>