mirror of
https://github.com/Poltern/lfs-ru.git
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126 lines
5.9 KiB
XML
126 lines
5.9 KiB
XML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
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"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
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<!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
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%general-entities;
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]>
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<sect1 id="ch-bootable-fstab">
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<?dbhtml filename="fstab.html"?>
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<title>Создание файла /etc/fstab</title>
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<indexterm zone="ch-bootable-fstab">
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<primary sortas="e-/etc/fstab">/etc/fstab</primary>
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</indexterm>
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<para>The <filename>/etc/fstab</filename> file is used by some programs to
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determine where file systems are to be mounted by default, in which order, and
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which must be checked (for integrity errors) prior to mounting. Create a new
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file systems table like this:</para>
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<screen revision="sysv"><userinput>cat > /etc/fstab << "EOF"
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<literal># Begin /etc/fstab
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# file system mount-point type options dump fsck
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# order
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/dev/<replaceable><xxx></replaceable> / <replaceable><fff></replaceable> defaults 1 1
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/dev/<replaceable><yyy></replaceable> swap swap pri=1 0 0
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proc /proc proc nosuid,noexec,nodev 0 0
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sysfs /sys sysfs nosuid,noexec,nodev 0 0
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devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0
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tmpfs /run tmpfs defaults 0 0
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devtmpfs /dev devtmpfs mode=0755,nosuid 0 0
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# End /etc/fstab</literal>
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EOF</userinput></screen>
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<screen revision="systemd"><userinput>cat > /etc/fstab << "EOF"
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<literal># Begin /etc/fstab
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# file system mount-point type options dump fsck
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# order
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/dev/<replaceable><xxx></replaceable> / <replaceable><fff></replaceable> defaults 1 1
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/dev/<replaceable><yyy></replaceable> swap swap pri=1 0 0
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# End /etc/fstab</literal>
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EOF</userinput></screen>
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<para>Replace <replaceable><xxx></replaceable>,
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<replaceable><yyy></replaceable>, and <replaceable><fff></replaceable>
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with the values appropriate for the system, for example, <filename
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class="partition">sda2</filename>, <filename
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class="partition">sda5</filename>, and <systemitem
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class="filesystem">ext4</systemitem>. For details on the six
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fields in this file, see <command>man 5 fstab</command>.</para>
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<para>Filesystems with MS-DOS or Windows origin (i.e. vfat, ntfs, smbfs,
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cifs, iso9660, udf) need a special option, utf8, in order for non-ASCII
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characters in file names to be interpreted properly. For non-UTF-8 locales,
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the value of <option>iocharset</option> should be set to be the same as the
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character set of the locale, adjusted in such a way that the kernel
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understands it. This works if the relevant character set definition (found
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under File systems -> Native Language Support when configuring the kernel)
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has been compiled into the kernel or built as a module. However, if the
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character set of the locale is UTF-8, the corresponding option
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<option>iocharset=utf8</option> would make the file system case sensitive. To
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fix this, use the special option <option>utf8</option> instead of
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<option>iocharset=utf8</option>, for UTF-8 locales. The
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<quote>codepage</quote> option is also needed for vfat and smbfs filesystems.
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It should be set to the codepage number used under MS-DOS in your country.
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For example, in order to mount USB flash drives, a ru_RU.KOI8-R user would
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need the following in the options portion of its mount line in
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<filename>/etc/fstab</filename>:</para>
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<screen><literal>noauto,user,quiet,showexec,codepage=866,iocharset=koi8r</literal></screen>
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<para>The corresponding options fragment for ru_RU.UTF-8 users is:</para>
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<screen><literal>noauto,user,quiet,showexec,codepage=866,utf8</literal></screen>
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<para>Note that using <option>iocharset</option> is the default for
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<literal>iso8859-1</literal> (which keeps the file system case
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insensitive), and the <option>utf8</option> option tells
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the kernel to convert the file names using UTF-8 so they can be
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interpreted in the UTF-8 locale.</para>
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<!--note>
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<para>In the latter case, the kernel emits the following message:</para>
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<screen><computeroutput>FAT: utf8 is not a recommended IO charset for FAT filesystems,
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filesystem will be case sensitive!</computeroutput></screen>
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<para>This negative recommendation should be ignored, since all other values
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of the <quote>iocharset</quote> option result in wrong display of filenames in
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UTF-8 locales.</para>
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</note-->
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<para>It is also possible to specify default codepage and iocharset values for
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some filesystems during kernel configuration. The relevant parameters
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are named
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<quote>Default NLS Option</quote> (<option>CONFIG_NLS_DEFAULT)</option>,
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<quote>Default Remote NLS Option</quote> (<option>CONFIG_SMB_NLS_DEFAULT</option>),
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<quote>Default codepage for FAT</quote> (<option>CONFIG_FAT_DEFAULT_CODEPAGE</option>), and
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<quote>Default iocharset for FAT</quote> (<option>CONFIG_FAT_DEFAULT_IOCHARSET</option>).
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There is no way to specify these settings for the
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ntfs filesystem at kernel compilation time.</para>
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<para>It is possible to make the ext3 filesystem reliable across power
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failures for some hard disk types. To do this, add the
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<option>barrier=1</option> mount option to the appropriate entry in
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<filename>/etc/fstab</filename>. To check if the disk drive supports
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this option, run
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<ulink url="&blfs-book;general/hdparm.html">hdparm</ulink>
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on the applicable disk drive. For example, if:</para>
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<screen role="nodump"><userinput>hdparm -I /dev/sda | grep NCQ</userinput></screen>
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<para>returns non-empty output, the option is supported.</para>
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<para>Note: Logical Volume Management (LVM) based partitions cannot use the
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<option>barrier</option> option.</para>
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</sect1>
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